{"id":797,"date":"2026-05-27T14:26:10","date_gmt":"2026-05-27T06:26:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.giantcarbonisedwool.com\/?p=797"},"modified":"2026-05-27T14:26:10","modified_gmt":"2026-05-27T06:26:10","slug":"how-is-wool-fiber-spun-into-yarn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.giantcarbonisedwool.com\/ar\/how-is-wool-fiber-spun-into-yarn\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u063a\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n

Raw <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0is transformed into yarn through eight essential mechanical stages \u2013 impurity removal, fibre opening, carding, combing (for finer yarns), drafting, twisting, and winding. But before any of that happens, the most critical decision is how aggressively you remove vegetable matter (VM) like burrs, seeds, and straw. If you skip carbonisation or use only basic scouring, those plant fragments remain embedded, causing yarn breakage, uneven dyeing, and abrasive wear on machinery. For manufacturers who want consistent, high-strength yarn with fewer production stoppages, carbonised\u00a0<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span>\u00a0is not an option \u2013 it\u2019s a necessity. This guide walks you through every step, from a dusty fleece to a smooth, ready-to-knit yarn, with special attention to where carbonisation makes the biggest difference.<\/span><\/p>\n

Step 1: Eliminating What Doesn\u2019t Belong \u2013 From Greasy Wool to Clean Fibre<\/span><\/h2>\n

Raw\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>, often called greasy\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>, arrives at the mill carrying more than just fibre. Depending on the region and season, a single kilogram of shorn fleece can contain up to 200 grams of vegetable matter \u2013 spiky burrs, grass seeds, and stem pieces that the sheep picked up while grazing. On top of that, there\u2019s lanolin (the natural grease, 10\u201325% by weight), sweat salts (suint), and dirt. You simply cannot spin this mess.<\/span><\/p>\n

The first job is\u00a0<\/span>impurity removal<\/span>, or preparation. Mills run the greasy\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>\u00a0through a series of mechanical openers that tear apart large clumps, allowing heavier dirt to fall out. Then comes\u00a0<\/span>scouring<\/span>: a hot water bath (typically 60\u201370\u00b0C) with detergent and mild alkali that emulsifies the lanolin and dissolves the suint. After rinsing and squeezing, what remains is scoured\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>\u00a0\u2013 clean of grease but still contaminated with VM. For many low-grade applications (carpet underlays, coarse felts), that might be enough. But if you\u2019re spinning yarn for apparel, blankets, or upholstery, those plant fragments are unacceptable.<\/span><\/p>\n

That\u2019s where\u00a0<\/span>carbonisation<\/span>\u00a0enters the picture.<\/span><\/p>\n

Why Carbonised Wool Beats Regular Scouring for VM-Heavy Fleeces<\/span><\/h3>\n

Let me be blunt: scouring alone removes maybe 15% of vegetable matter at best. The rest stays physically trapped among the fibres. Carbonisation, by contrast, chemically destroys the cellulose-based VM while leaving the protein-based\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>\u00a0intact. The process is surprisingly straightforward:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n

    The scoured\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>\u00a0is dipped in a dilute sulfuric acid bath (typically 4\u20137% concentration at 60\u201370\u00b0C for 15\u201330 minutes).\u00a0<\/span>\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>\u00a0naturally resists acid, but plant material absorbs it readily.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    The wet\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>\u00a0passes through drying chambers, then baking ovens at 100\u2013125\u00b0C. The concentrated acid dehydrates the cellulose, turning burrs and seeds into brittle black char.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Mechanical rollers crush that char into fine dust, and vibrating air tables blow the dust away \u2013 removing over 98% of the original VM.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Finally, a sodium carbonate wash neutralises any residual acid, followed by a fresh water rinse and final drying.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    The result? Carbonised\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>\u00a0is exceptionally clean, with residual VM often below 0.5% by weight. That means fewer yarn breaks, less machine wear, and dye that takes evenly across every centimetre of fabric. Mills that process carbonised\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>\u00a0report up to 30% fewer spinning interruptions compared to using conventionally scoured but non-carbonised fleece from the same source.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Step 2: Opening and Liberation \u2013 Breaking Fibre Clumps Apart<\/span><\/h2>\n

    Once the\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>\u00a0is clean (either scoured or carbonised), it still arrives as compressed, tangled sheets or lumps. The next major stage is\u00a0<\/span>opening<\/span>\u00a0(also called loosening). Opening machines \u2013 like automatic bale openers and multi-blade beaters \u2013 tear the compacted\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>\u00a0into progressively smaller tufts. This isn\u2019t subtle equipment. A typical opener uses rapidly rotating spiked rollers to rip apart clumps that might be as large as a human head. The violence of the process is controlled: you want to separate fibres without cutting them.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Why open the\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>? Three reasons. First, it exposes trapped dust and fine particles so they can be exhausted by air currents. Second, it allows different batches of\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>\u00a0(varying in colour, fineness, or origin) to begin mixing. Third, and most important, opening creates a loose, uniform mat that can be fed into the carding machine without jamming. If you skip adequate opening, the carding wires will clog within minutes.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Step 3: Carding \u2013 Turning Tufts into a Continuous Web<\/span><\/h2>\n

    Carding is where\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span> starts to look like a proper textile material. A carding machine consists of two large cylinders covered in thousands of fine, angled wire teeth, rotating at slightly different speeds. As the open\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>\u00a0passes between these cylinders, the teeth comb each fibre, pulling it away from its neighbours and straightening it. The result is a thin, uniform\u00a0<\/span>web<\/span>\u00a0\u2013 a fragile sheet of partially aligned fibres, about the thickness of heavy tissue paper.<\/span><\/p>\n

    For most\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>\u00a0destined for worsted yarns (fine, smooth, strong), this web is then condensed into a soft, untwisted rope called a\u00a0<\/span>sliver<\/span>. But note: carding alone does not fully parallelise the fibres. Under a microscope, carded\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>\u00a0still shows many fibres hooked at both ends, and some remain bent or crossed. That\u2019s fine for woollen yarns (bulky, warm, fuzzy), but not for high-count suiting or technical knitwear.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Carded vs. Combed Wool \u2013 A Quick Comparison<\/span><\/h3>\n
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/th>\nCarded-only Wool (Woollen yarn)<\/span><\/th>\nCarded + Combed Wool (Worsted yarn)<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Fibre arrangement<\/span><\/td>\nRandom, some hooks<\/span><\/td>\nHighly parallel, nearly straight<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Yarn surface<\/span><\/td>\nHairy, soft<\/span><\/td>\nSmooth, crisp<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Strength<\/span><\/td>\n\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/span><\/td>\nHigh (20\u201340% stronger)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Typical uses<\/span><\/td>\nBlankets, hand-knitting, tweeds<\/span><\/td>\nSuits, fine socks, technical fabrics<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Production speed<\/span><\/td>\nFaster, less waste<\/span><\/td>\nSlower, removes short fibres<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    If your goal is a luxury suit or a hard-wearing upholstery fabric, you absolutely need the combing step. If you\u2019re spinning a chunky scarf or a durable carpet, carded-only\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0is perfectly adequate.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Step 4: Combing (For Worsted Yarns) \u2013 Perfection Before Spinning<\/span><\/h2>\n

    Combing is the refinement step that separates premium\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>\u00a0from commodity material. A comber is like a series of very precise, narrow combs that grip a small fringe of the carded sliver. One set of combs holds the fibres at their root ends while another set combs through the tips, removing any short fibres (called \u201cnoils\u201d) that fall below a set length threshold \u2013 typically 25\u201340mm depending on the target yarn count. The comber also yanks out any remaining VM fragments that somehow survived carbonisation.<\/span><\/p>\n

    What remains is a\u00a0<\/span>top<\/span>\u00a0\u2013 a sliver of long, parallel, clean\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>\u00a0fibres, all essentially the same length. The short noils are collected and sold separately for lower-grade applications like felt or stuffing. For the spinner, combed\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>\u00a0is a dream: it drafts evenly, twists without localised weak points, and produces a yarn that resists pilling and abrasion.<\/span><\/p>\n

    How much material is lost as noils? That depends on the original\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>\u00a0quality. Fine Merino\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>\u00a0(average fibre length ~70mm) might lose 15\u201320% to noils. Short-stapled crossbred\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0might lose 30% or more. That waste is expensive, but the resulting worsted yarn commands a much higher price per kilogram.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Step 5: Drawing and Drafting \u2013 Stretching the Sliver to the Right Thickness<\/span><\/h2>\n

    At this stage, you have a sliver (or top) that might be as thick as your thumb. A typical worsted yarn, however, is thinner than a sewing thread. You cannot go from thumb-thickness to thread-thickness in one pull \u2013 the fibres would simply break. So mills use a series of\u00a0<\/span>drafting<\/span>\u00a0frames, usually three to five in sequence.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Each drafting frame consists of pairs of rollers turning at different speeds. The back rollers feed\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>\u00a0at a slow rate; the front rollers pull it away faster, stretching the sliver. The ratio between front and back roller speeds is the\u00a0<\/span>draft<\/span>. A typical first draft might be 6:1, turning a 12-gram-per-metre sliver into a 2-gram-per-metre roving. After three or four drafting passes, the roving becomes as fine as heavy string.<\/span><\/p>\n

    During drafting, the\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>\u00a0fibres slide past one another. Because they are now parallel and (in combed slivers) all roughly the same length, they slide smoothly without excessive variation. But uneven drafting \u2013 caused by worn rollers, inconsistent sliver input, or static electricity \u2013 creates thick and thin places in the roving. Those imperfections will become permanent weak spots after twisting. That\u2019s why modern mills use auto-levellers that monitor sliver thickness and adjust roller speeds hundreds of times per second.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Step 6: Twisting \u2013 Giving Yarn Its Strength and Character<\/span><\/h2>\n

    Drafting produces a\u00a0<\/span>roving<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 a loose, untwisted strand that has almost no tensile strength. You could pull it apart with your fingers. Twisting changes everything.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Twisting is simply rotating the roving around its own axis. As it twists, the parallel\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span><\/strong> fibres take on a helical path, pressing inward against each other. This radial pressure creates friction between fibres, and that friction resists being pulled apart. The more twists per metre (or per inch), the stronger the yarn \u2013 up to a point. Over-twisting makes the yarn stiff, snarled, and prone to kinking.<\/span><\/p>\n

    There are three main twisting methods:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      Ring spinning:<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0The roving passes through a traveller that orbits around a stationary ring. This is the most common method for high-quality\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>\u00a0yarns. Speeds are moderate (15\u201325 metres per minute), but the yarn has excellent uniformity and strength.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Open-end (rotor) spinning:<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0The fibres are fed into a fast-spinning rotor where centrifugal force wraps them together. Much faster (150+ m\/min), but the yarn is coarser and less even \u2013 fine for denim or workwear, not for premium\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Air-jet spinning:<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0High-pressure air twists the fibre bundle. Extremely fast but works best with synthetic blends. Pure\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span>\u00a0can be air-jet spun only if it is very long and clean.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      For worsted\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0yarns, typical twist levels range from 400 to 900 twists per metre, depending on the intended use. A soft, drapey scarf might use 400 TPM; a hard-wearing sock yarn might use 700 TPM.<\/span><\/p>\n

      A Real-World Twist Example<\/span><\/h3>\n

      Imagine two worsted yarns, both made from the same carbonised\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0top. Yarn A gets 450 TPM in the S-direction (clockwise twist). Yarn B gets 750 TPM. Yarn B will be significantly stronger in tension (by about 35%), but it will also feel harder and less flexible. If you knit Yarn B into a sweater, the fabric will hold its shape well but feel crisp. If you weave Yarn B into a suit fabric, it will resist wrinkling. There\u2019s no single \u201cright\u201d twist \u2013 only the right twist for the end product.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Step 7: Winding \u2013 Preparing for Weaving, Knitting, or Shipping<\/span><\/h2>\n

      After twisting, the yarn is usually wound onto small bobbins or cones. This final\u00a0<\/span>winding<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0step is often underestimated. A poorly wound package creates tension variations that will plague the next operation. If you\u2019re weaving, inconsistent tension causes warp breaks and fabric defects. If you\u2019re knitting, it creates uneven loops and dropped stitches.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Modern winding machines do more than just transfer yarn from one package to another. They also:<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n

        Clear faults:<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Optical or capacitance sensors detect thick slubs, thin places, or debris. When a fault passes, a cutter snips it out, and a piecing device reattaches the ends automatically.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        Apply wax or lubricant:<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Especially for knitting yarns, a light wax coating reduces friction against metal needles.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        Add a balanced twist:<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0On two-ply or multi-ply yarns, two singles are twisted together in the opposite direction to their original twist, creating a stable, non-snarling yarn.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        For mills producing carbonised\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0yarns, the winding stage is particularly forgiving because the fibre is so clean. There are far fewer faults to clear compared to non-carbonised\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span><\/strong>, which often sheds VM fragments that trigger false fault detections.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Comparing Carbonised Wool to Regular Scoured Wool for Spinning<\/span><\/h2>\n

        Let\u2019s summarise the real-world differences in a quick-reference table. These figures are based on typical mill reports for medium-fine (21\u201324 micron) crossbred\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span><\/strong> with an initial VM of ~8%.<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Metric<\/span><\/th>\nScoured only (non-carbonised)<\/span><\/th>\n\u0635\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0646<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        Residual VM after preparation<\/span><\/td>\n2.5 \u2013 5.0%<\/span><\/td>\n<0.5%<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Spinning breaks per 100 kg<\/span><\/td>\n12 \u2013 18<\/span><\/td>\n3 \u2013 5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Yarn tensile strength (cN\/tex)<\/span><\/td>\n9.5 \u2013 11.0<\/span><\/td>\n12.0 \u2013 13.5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Dye uniformity (visual rating)<\/span><\/td>\nOften mottled<\/span><\/td>\n\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Combining waste (noil %)<\/span><\/td>\nHigher due to VM breaks<\/span><\/td>\nLower, more predictable<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Machine cleaning frequency<\/span><\/td>\nEvery shift<\/span><\/td>\nEvery 2\u20133 shifts<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        The takeaway is clear: carbonised\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0costs a little more to produce, but it pays for itself through lower downtime, less waste, and a superior finished product.<\/span><\/p>\n

        How Different Wool Types Affect the Spinning Process<\/span><\/h2>\n

        Not all\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0behaves the same during these eight stages. Knowing your starting material is half the battle.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Fine Merino wool<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(16\u201318 microns): Long staple (65\u201390mm), high crimp, very soft. Excellent for combed worsted yarns. The crimp actually helps during carding by holding a light web together. But fine Merino is also more prone to neps (tiny fibre balls) if carded too aggressively.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Crossbred wool<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(25\u201332 microns): Coarser, shorter staple (50\u201375mm), less crimp. Used for carpets, heavy outerwear, and upholstery. Carbonisation is extremely valuable here because crossbred sheep often graze on rough pasture with heavy burr contamination.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Shetland, Icelandic, or other primitive wools<\/span><\/strong>: Variable length, variable micron, often with high VM and some guard hairs. These are almost always spun on the woollen system (carded only, no combing) for rustic, tweedy yarns. Carbonisation can still help remove VM, but the guard hairs remain.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Lamb\u2019s wool<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(first shearing at ~7 months): Very fine, shorter staple, extremely soft. Spins beautifully but requires gentle carding to avoid fibre breakage. Carbonisation is rarely needed for lamb\u2019s\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0because lambs graze on cleaner pasture and carry less VM.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Dead wool or pulled wool<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(from slaughtered sheep): Poor condition, often chemically weakened because the skin is treated with lime and sodium sulphide before pulling. This\u00a0<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0is only suitable for low-grade felt or coarse blankets. It should never be carbonised \u2013 the acid would destroy it.<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/span><\/h2>\n

        Q1: Does carbonisation affect fibre strength?<\/strong><\/p>\n

        When properly controlled (acid concentration below 7% and temperatures under 130\u00b0C), carbonisation has minimal impact on tensile strength. Laboratory results typically show a strength reduction of less than 3% while significantly reducing spinning breaks caused by residual vegetable matter.<\/p>\n

        Q2: Can it be used for hand spinning?<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Yes. When supplied in roving form, carbonised fibre can be spun manually. It generally drafts more smoothly than untreated material because most burrs and plant residues have already been removed during processing.<\/p>\n

        Q3: Why does yarn still feel coarse after treatment?<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Carbonisation removes plant contaminants but does not change fibre diameter. The yarn handle is mainly determined by the micron count. Materials above 30 microns will still feel coarse regardless of the processing method.<\/p>\n

        Q4: How can buyers verify true carbonisation quality?<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Request a residual vegetable matter (VM) test report based on ASTM D2252 or equivalent standards. Properly processed material should show VM levels below 0.5%. Avoid vague descriptions such as \u201ccleaned\u201d or \u201cwell scoured\u201d without laboratory data.<\/p>\n

        Q5: Is carbonised material cost-effective for industrial use?<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Yes. Although typically 8\u201315% more expensive, mills often recover costs through fewer yarn breaks, reduced cleaning downtime, and more stable dyeing performance across production batches.<\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/h2>\n

        The full spinning process \u2014 from opening and scouring through carding, drafting, twisting, and winding \u2014 ultimately depends on one upstream decision: whether the raw fibre is properly carbonised. Effective removal of vegetable matter at the chemical level reduces mechanical interruptions, stabilises processing, and improves overall production efficiency.<\/p>\n

        Across all stages, carbonised input delivers more consistent machine performance, stronger yarn formation, and cleaner finished textiles. For mills handling VM-heavy materials, it remains one of the most reliable ways to reduce downtime and maintain stable output quality.<\/p>\n

        For industrial sourcing, prioritising verified carbonised fibre with documented VM levels provides better control over production cost, process stability, and final product consistency.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a - \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641 - \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":798,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[72],"tags":[142,144,145,119,143],"class_list":["post-797","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industry-news","tag-carbonised-wool-processing","tag-fibre-carding-and-combing","tag-textile-spinning-guide","tag-vegetable-matter-removal","tag-worsted-yarn-manufacturing"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giantcarbonisedwool.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/797","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giantcarbonisedwool.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giantcarbonisedwool.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giantcarbonisedwool.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giantcarbonisedwool.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=797"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.giantcarbonisedwool.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/797\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giantcarbonisedwool.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/798"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.giantcarbonisedwool.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=797"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giantcarbonisedwool.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=797"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.giantcarbonisedwool.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=797"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}